function substr (str, start, len) {
    // Returns part of a string  
    // 
    // version: 909.322
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/substr
    // +     original by: Martijn Wieringa
    // +     bugfixed by: T.Wild
    // +      tweaked by: Onno Marsman
    // +      revised by: Theriault
    // +      improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // %    note 1: Handles rare Unicode characters if 'unicode.semantics' ini (PHP6) is set to 'on'
    // *       example 1: substr('abcdef', 0, -1);
    // *       returns 1: 'abcde'
    // *       example 2: substr(2, 0, -6);
    // *       returns 2: false
    // *       example 3: ini_set('unicode.semantics',  'on');
    // *       example 3: substr('a\uD801\uDC00', 0, -1);
    // *       returns 3: 'a'
    // *       example 4: ini_set('unicode.semantics',  'on');
    // *       example 4: substr('a\uD801\uDC00', 0, 2);
    // *       returns 4: 'a\uD801\uDC00'
    // *       example 5: ini_set('unicode.semantics',  'on');
    // *       example 5: substr('a\uD801\uDC00', -1, 1);
    // *       returns 5: '\uD801\uDC00'
    // *       example 6: ini_set('unicode.semantics',  'on');
    // *       example 6: substr('a\uD801\uDC00z\uD801\uDC00', -3, 2);
    // *       returns 6: '\uD801\uDC00z'
    // *       example 7: ini_set('unicode.semantics',  'on');
    // *       example 7: substr('a\uD801\uDC00z\uD801\uDC00', -3, -1)
    // *       returns 7: '\uD801\uDC00z'
    // Add: (?) Use unicode.runtime_encoding (e.g., with string wrapped in "binary" or "Binary" class) to
    // allow access of binary (see file_get_contents()) by: charCodeAt(x) & 0xFF (see https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Using_XMLHttpRequest ) or require conversion first?
    var i = 0,
        allBMP = true,
        es = 0,
        el = 0,
        se = 0,
        ret = '';
    str += '';
    var end = str.length;
 
    // BEGIN REDUNDANT
    this.php_js = this.php_js || {};
    this.php_js.ini = this.php_js.ini || {};
    // END REDUNDANT
    switch ((this.php_js.ini['unicode.semantics'] && this.php_js.ini['unicode.semantics'].local_value.toLowerCase())) {
    case 'on':
        // Full-blown Unicode including non-Basic-Multilingual-Plane characters
        // strlen()
        for (i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
            if (/[\uD800-\uDBFF]/.test(str.charAt(i)) && /[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/.test(str.charAt(i + 1))) {
                allBMP = false;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        if (!allBMP) {
            if (start < 0) {
                for (i = end - 1, es = (start += end); i >= es; i--) {
                    if (/[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/.test(str.charAt(i)) && /[\uD800-\uDBFF]/.test(str.charAt(i - 1))) {
                        start--;
                        es--;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                var surrogatePairs = /[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g;
                while ((surrogatePairs.exec(str)) != null) {
                    var li = surrogatePairs.lastIndex;
                    if (li - 2 < start) {
                        start++;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
 
            if (start >= end || start < 0) {
                return false;
            }
            if (len < 0) {
                for (i = end - 1, el = (end += len); i >= el; i--) {
                    if (/[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/.test(str.charAt(i)) && /[\uD800-\uDBFF]/.test(str.charAt(i - 1))) {
                        end--;
                        el--;
                    }
                }
                if (start > end) {
                    return false;
                }
                return str.slice(start, end);
            } else {
                se = start + len;
                for (i = start; i < se; i++) {
                    ret += str.charAt(i);
                    if (/[\uD800-\uDBFF]/.test(str.charAt(i)) && /[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/.test(str.charAt(i + 1))) {
                        se++; // Go one further, since one of the "characters" is part of a surrogate pair
                    }
                }
                return ret;
            }
            break;
        }
        // Fall-through
    case 'off':
        // assumes there are no non-BMP characters;
        //    if there may be such characters, then it is best to turn it on (critical in true XHTML/XML)
    default:
        if (start < 0) {
            start += end;
        }
        end = typeof len === 'undefined' ? end : (len < 0 ? len + end : len + start);
        // PHP returns false if start does not fall within the string.
        // PHP returns false if the calculated end comes before the calculated start.
        // PHP returns an empty string if start and end are the same.
        // Otherwise, PHP returns the portion of the string from start to end.
        return start >= str.length || start < 0 || start > end ? !1 : str.slice(start, end);
    }
    return undefined; // Please Netbeans
}

function trim (str, charlist) {
    // Strips whitespace from the beginning and end of a string  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/trim
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: mdsjack (http://www.mdsjack.bo.it)
    // +   improved by: Alexander Ermolaev (http://snippets.dzone.com/user/AlexanderErmolaev)
    // +      input by: Erkekjetter
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +      input by: DxGx
    // +   improved by: Steven Levithan (http://blog.stevenlevithan.com)
    // +    tweaked by: Jack
    // +   bugfixed by: Onno Marsman
    // *     example 1: trim('    Kevin van Zonneveld    ');
    // *     returns 1: 'Kevin van Zonneveld'
    // *     example 2: trim('Hello World', 'Hdle');
    // *     returns 2: 'o Wor'
    // *     example 3: trim(16, 1);
    // *     returns 3: 6
    var whitespace, l = 0,
        i = 0;
    str += '';
 
    if (!charlist) {
        // default list
        whitespace = " \n\r\t\f\x0b\xa0\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u200b\u2028\u2029\u3000";
    } else {
        // preg_quote custom list
        charlist += '';
        whitespace = charlist.replace(/([\[\]\(\)\.\?\/\*\{\}\+\$\^\:])/g, '$1');
    }
 
    l = str.length;
    for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
        if (whitespace.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) === -1) {
            str = str.substring(i);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    l = str.length;
    for (i = l - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (whitespace.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) === -1) {
            str = str.substring(0, i + 1);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return whitespace.indexOf(str.charAt(0)) === -1 ? str : '';
}

function htmlspecialchars_decode (string, quote_style) {
    // Convert special HTML entities back to characters  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/htmlspecialchars_decode
    // +   original by: Mirek Slugen
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   bugfixed by: Mateusz "loonquawl" Zalega
    // +      input by: ReverseSyntax
    // +      input by: Slawomir Kaniecki
    // +      input by: Scott Cariss
    // +      input by: Francois
    // +   bugfixed by: Onno Marsman
    // +    revised by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +      input by: Ratheous
    // +      input by: Mailfaker (http://www.weedem.fr/)
    // +      reimplemented by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +    bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // *     example 1: htmlspecialchars_decode("<p>this -&gt; &quot;</p>", 'ENT_NOQUOTES');
    // *     returns 1: '<p>this -> &quot;</p>'
    // *     example 2: htmlspecialchars_decode("&amp;quot;");
    // *     returns 2: '&quot;'
    var optTemp = 0,
        i = 0,
        noquotes = false;
    if (typeof quote_style === 'undefined') {
        quote_style = 2;
    }
    string = string.toString().replace(/&lt;/g, '<').replace(/&gt;/g, '>');
    var OPTS = {
        'ENT_NOQUOTES': 0,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE': 1,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_DOUBLE': 2,
        'ENT_COMPAT': 2,
        'ENT_QUOTES': 3,
        'ENT_IGNORE': 4
    };
    if (quote_style === 0) {
        noquotes = true;
    }
    if (typeof quote_style !== 'number') { // Allow for a single string or an array of string flags
        quote_style = [].concat(quote_style);
        for (i = 0; i < quote_style.length; i++) {
            // Resolve string input to bitwise e.g. 'PATHINFO_EXTENSION' becomes 4
            if (OPTS[quote_style[i]] === 0) {
                noquotes = true;
            } else if (OPTS[quote_style[i]]) {
                optTemp = optTemp | OPTS[quote_style[i]];
            }
        }
        quote_style = optTemp;
    }
    if (quote_style & OPTS.ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE) {
        string = string.replace(/&#0*39;/g, "'"); // PHP doesn't currently escape if more than one 0, but it should
        // string = string.replace(/&apos;|&#x0*27;/g, "'"); // This would also be useful here, but not a part of PHP
    }
    if (!noquotes) {
        string = string.replace(/&quot;/g, '"');
    }
    // Put this in last place to avoid escape being double-decoded
    string = string.replace(/&amp;/g, '&');
 
    return string;
}

function htmlspecialchars (string, quote_style, charset, double_encode) {
    // Convert special characters to HTML entities  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/htmlspecialchars
    // +   original by: Mirek Slugen
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   bugfixed by: Nathan
    // +   bugfixed by: Arno
    // +    revised by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +    bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +      input by: Ratheous
    // +      input by: Mailfaker (http://www.weedem.fr/)
    // +      reimplemented by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +      input by: felix
    // +    bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // %        note 1: charset argument not supported
    // *     example 1: htmlspecialchars("<a href='test'>Test</a>", 'ENT_QUOTES');
    // *     returns 1: '&lt;a href=&#039;test&#039;&gt;Test&lt;/a&gt;'
    // *     example 2: htmlspecialchars("ab\"c'd", ['ENT_NOQUOTES', 'ENT_QUOTES']);
    // *     returns 2: 'ab"c&#039;d'
    // *     example 3: htmlspecialchars("my "&entity;" is still here", null, null, false);
    // *     returns 3: 'my &quot;&entity;&quot; is still here'
    var optTemp = 0,
        i = 0,
        noquotes = false;
    if (typeof quote_style === 'undefined' || quote_style === null) {
        quote_style = 2;
    }
    string = string.toString();
    if (double_encode !== false) { // Put this first to avoid double-encoding
        string = string.replace(/&/g, '&amp;');
    }
    string = string.replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
 
    var OPTS = {
        'ENT_NOQUOTES': 0,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE': 1,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_DOUBLE': 2,
        'ENT_COMPAT': 2,
        'ENT_QUOTES': 3,
        'ENT_IGNORE': 4
    };
    if (quote_style === 0) {
        noquotes = true;
    }
    if (typeof quote_style !== 'number') { // Allow for a single string or an array of string flags
        quote_style = [].concat(quote_style);
        for (i = 0; i < quote_style.length; i++) {
            // Resolve string input to bitwise e.g. 'PATHINFO_EXTENSION' becomes 4
            if (OPTS[quote_style[i]] === 0) {
                noquotes = true;
            } else if (OPTS[quote_style[i]]) {
                optTemp = optTemp | OPTS[quote_style[i]];
            }
        }
        quote_style = optTemp;
    }
    if (quote_style & OPTS.ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE) {
        string = string.replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
    }
    if (!noquotes) {
        string = string.replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
    }
 
    return string;
}

function explode (delimiter, string, limit) {
    // Splits a string on string separator and return array of components. If limit is positive only limit number of components is returned. If limit is negative all components except the last abs(limit) are returned.  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/explode
    // +     original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +     improved by: kenneth
    // +     improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +     improved by: d3x
    // +     bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // *     example 1: explode(' ', 'Kevin van Zonneveld');
    // *     returns 1: {0: 'Kevin', 1: 'van', 2: 'Zonneveld'}
    // *     example 2: explode('=', 'a=bc=d', 2);
    // *     returns 2: ['a', 'bc=d']
    var emptyArray = {
        0: ''
    };
 
    // third argument is not required
    if (arguments.length < 2 || typeof arguments[0] == 'undefined' || typeof arguments[1] == 'undefined') {
        return null;
    }
 
    if (delimiter === '' || delimiter === false || delimiter === null) {
        return false;
    }
 
    if (typeof delimiter == 'function' || typeof delimiter == 'object' || typeof string == 'function' || typeof string == 'object') {
        return emptyArray;
    }
 
    if (delimiter === true) {
        delimiter = '1';
    }
 
    if (!limit) {
        return string.toString().split(delimiter.toString());
    } else {
        // support for limit argument
        var splitted = string.toString().split(delimiter.toString());
        var partA = splitted.splice(0, limit - 1);
        var partB = splitted.join(delimiter.toString());
        partA.push(partB);
        return partA;
    }
}

function str_replace (search, replace, subject, count) {
    // Replaces all occurrences of search in haystack with replace  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/str_replace
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: Gabriel Paderni
    // +   improved by: Philip Peterson
    // +   improved by: Simon Willison (http://simonwillison.net)
    // +    revised by: Jonas Raoni Soares Silva (http://www.jsfromhell.com)
    // +   bugfixed by: Anton Ongson
    // +      input by: Onno Marsman
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +    tweaked by: Onno Marsman
    // +      input by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   input by: Oleg Eremeev
    // +   improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   bugfixed by: Oleg Eremeev
    // %          note 1: The count parameter must be passed as a string in order
    // %          note 1:  to find a global variable in which the result will be given
    // *     example 1: str_replace(' ', '.', 'Kevin van Zonneveld');
    // *     returns 1: 'Kevin.van.Zonneveld'
    // *     example 2: str_replace(['{name}', 'l'], ['hello', 'm'], '{name}, lars');
    // *     returns 2: 'hemmo, mars'
    var i = 0,
        j = 0,
        temp = '',
        repl = '',
        sl = 0,
        fl = 0,
        f = [].concat(search),
        r = [].concat(replace),
        s = subject,
        ra = r instanceof Array,
        sa = s instanceof Array;
    s = [].concat(s);
    if (count) {
        this.window[count] = 0;
    }
 
    for (i = 0, sl = s.length; i < sl; i++) {
        if (s[i] === '') {
            continue;
        }
        for (j = 0, fl = f.length; j < fl; j++) {
            temp = s[i] + '';
            repl = ra ? (r[j] !== undefined ? r[j] : '') : r[0];
            s[i] = (temp).split(f[j]).join(repl);
            if (count && s[i] !== temp) {
                this.window[count] += (temp.length - s[i].length) / f[j].length;
            }
        }
    }
    return sa ? s : s[0];
}


function is_array (mixed_var) {
    // Returns true if variable is an array  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/is_array
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: Legaev Andrey
    // +   bugfixed by: Cord
    // +   bugfixed by: Manish
    // +   improved by: Onno Marsman
    // +   improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   improved by: Nathan
    // +   improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // %        note 1: In php.js, javascript objects are like php associative arrays, thus JavaScript objects will also
    // %        note 1: return true in this function (except for objects which inherit properties, being thus used as objects),
    // %        note 1: unless you do ini_set('phpjs.objectsAsArrays', 0), in which case only genuine JavaScript arrays
    // %        note 1: will return true
    // *     example 1: is_array(['Kevin', 'van', 'Zonneveld']);
    // *     returns 1: true
    // *     example 2: is_array('Kevin van Zonneveld');
    // *     returns 2: false
    // *     example 3: is_array({0: 'Kevin', 1: 'van', 2: 'Zonneveld'});
    // *     returns 3: true
    // *     example 4: is_array(function tmp_a(){this.name = 'Kevin'});
    // *     returns 4: false
    var _getFuncName = function (fn) {
        var name = (/\W*function\s+([\w\$]+)\s*\(/).exec(fn);
        if (!name) {
            return '(Anonymous)';
        }
        return name[1];
    },
        _isArray = function (mixed_var) {
            return Object.prototype.toString.call(mixed_var) === '[object Array]';
            // Other approaches:
            // && mixed_var.hasOwnProperty('length') && // Not non-enumerable because of being on parent class
            // !mixed_var.propertyIsEnumerable('length') && // Since is own property, if not enumerable, it must be a built-in function
            //   _getFuncName(mixed_var.constructor) !== 'String'; // exclude String(), but not another function returning String()
        };
 
    if (!mixed_var || typeof mixed_var !== 'object') {
        return false;
    }
 
    // BEGIN REDUNDANT
    this.php_js = this.php_js || {};
    this.php_js.ini = this.php_js.ini || {};
    // END REDUNDANT
    var ini = this.php_js.ini['phpjs.objectsAsArrays'];
 
    return _isArray(mixed_var) ||
    // Allow returning true unless user has called
    // ini_set('phpjs.objectsAsArrays', 0) to disallow objects as arrays
    (!ini || ( // if it's not set to 0 and it's not 'off', check for objects as arrays
    (parseInt(ini.local_value, 10) !== 0 && (!ini.local_value.toLowerCase || ini.local_value.toLowerCase() !== 'off')))) && (
    Object.prototype.toString.call(mixed_var) === '[object Object]' && _getFuncName(mixed_var.constructor) === 'Object' // Most likely a literal and intended as assoc. array
    );
}


function empty (mixed_var) {
    // !No description available for empty. @php.js developers: Please update the function summary text file.
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/empty
    // +   original by: Philippe Baumann
    // +      input by: Onno Marsman
    // +   bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +      input by: LH
    // +   improved by: Onno Marsman
    // +   improved by: Francesco
    // +   improved by: Marc Jansen
    // +   input by: Stoyan Kyosev (http://www.svest.org/)
    // *     example 1: empty(null);
    // *     returns 1: true
    // *     example 2: empty(undefined);
    // *     returns 2: true
    // *     example 3: empty([]);
    // *     returns 3: true
    // *     example 4: empty({});
    // *     returns 4: true
    // *     example 5: empty({'aFunc' : function () { alert('humpty'); } });
    // *     returns 5: false
    var key;
 
    if (mixed_var === "" || mixed_var === 0 || mixed_var === "0" || mixed_var === null || mixed_var === false || typeof mixed_var === 'undefined') {
        return true;
    }
 
    if (typeof mixed_var == 'object') {
        for (key in mixed_var) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    return false;
}

function preg_quote (str, delimiter) {
    // Quote regular expression characters plus an optional character  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/preg_quote
    // +   original by: booeyOH
    // +   improved by: Ates Goral (http://magnetiq.com)
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   bugfixed by: Onno Marsman
    // +   improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // *     example 1: preg_quote("$40");
    // *     returns 1: '\$40'
    // *     example 2: preg_quote("*RRRING* Hello?");
    // *     returns 2: '\*RRRING\* Hello\?'
    // *     example 3: preg_quote("\\.+*?[^]$(){}=!<>|:");
    // *     returns 3: '\\\.\+\*\?\[\^\]\$\(\)\{\}\=\!\<\>\|\:'
    return (str + '').replace(new RegExp('[.\\\\+*?\\[\\^\\]$(){}=!<>|:\\' + (delimiter || '') + '-]', 'g'), '\\$&');
}

function in_array (needle, haystack, argStrict) {
    // Checks if the given value exists in the array  
    // 
    // version: 1103.1210
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/in_array
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: vlado houba
    // +   input by: Billy
    // +   bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // *     example 1: in_array('van', ['Kevin', 'van', 'Zonneveld']);
    // *     returns 1: true
    // *     example 2: in_array('vlado', {0: 'Kevin', vlado: 'van', 1: 'Zonneveld'});
    // *     returns 2: false
    // *     example 3: in_array(1, ['1', '2', '3']);
    // *     returns 3: true
    // *     example 3: in_array(1, ['1', '2', '3'], false);
    // *     returns 3: true
    // *     example 4: in_array(1, ['1', '2', '3'], true);
    // *     returns 4: false
    var key = '',
        strict = !! argStrict;
 
    if (strict) {
        for (key in haystack) {
            if (haystack[key] === needle) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (key in haystack) {
            if (haystack[key] == needle) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return false;
}


function createCookie(name,value,days) {
	if (days) {
		var date = new Date();
		date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000));
		var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString();
	}
	else var expires = "";
	document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/";
}

function readCookie(name) {
	var nameEQ = name + "=";
	var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
	for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) {
		var c = ca[i];
		while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length);
		if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length);
	}
	return null;
}

function eraseCookie(name) {
	createCookie(name,"",-1);
}









function implode (glue, pieces) {
    // Joins array elements placing glue string between items and return one string  
    // 
    // version: 1109.2015
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/implode
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: Waldo Malqui Silva
    // +   improved by: Itsacon (http://www.itsacon.net/)
    // +   bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // *     example 1: implode(' ', ['Kevin', 'van', 'Zonneveld']);
    // *     returns 1: 'Kevin van Zonneveld'
    // *     example 2: implode(' ', {first:'Kevin', last: 'van Zonneveld'});
    // *     returns 2: 'Kevin van Zonneveld'
    var i = '',
        retVal = '',
        tGlue = '';
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        pieces = glue;
        glue = '';
    }
    if (typeof(pieces) === 'object') {
        if (Object.prototype.toString.call(pieces) === '[object Array]') {
            return pieces.join(glue);
        } 
        for (i in pieces) {
            retVal += tGlue + pieces[i];
            tGlue = glue;
        }
        return retVal;
    }
    return pieces;
}